One of the first ones to discover an unusual relationship between our universe and math was Galileo who disproved Aristotle’s thesis that heavier objects fell faster. He not only disproved this but that they fell at a rate that was squared.
He started by using side by side ramps and using different weight balls to roll down them. It will be slower than a straight drop. But he could change the angle of the ramp so it could eventually approach a straight drop. He had no way of calculating speed in those days but he could measure seconds fairly closely.
This sounds mundane but a startling thing happened. After 1 second the balls were side by side, after 2 seconds, they were side by side. Similarly after 5 seconds.
So he proved his thesis that weight made no difference but then the truly amazing thing popped up. The distance increased each second the balls rolled down the ramps. In other words, their speed was getting faster as they rolled down the ramps. But they increased at a specific rates. After 1 second they rolled a certain distant and after 2 seconds the distance was the square of the first distance or 4 times as far. After 3 seconds the distance was 9 times as far, after 4 seconds it was 16 times as far. Double the time, four times the distance. You triple the time, nine times the distance.
In other words the distance/speed was increasing by perfect squares. Galileo never expected this. He never expected such a perfect relationship. So there is a famous equation by Newton, who was born around the time Galileo died, about gravity that includes squares.
F=G m1xm2/r^2
But there is also an old expression that Newton who is more famous and respected stood on Galileo’s shoulders.
" The study of palindromes (sentences that read the same backward as forward; e.g., “Madam, I’m Adam”) tells us nothing about the first three minutes after the Big Bang."
Great reading up until this sentence. The logic founded in Georges Lemaitre's mathematical big bang from Einstein's equation of relativity is assumed here. But it fails at the next level the level of application to the physics because of the very first solution to that equation by Karl Schwarzschild's in 1917 gave the minimum radius for the mass of the universe (1e80 protons) as 26.25 billion light years! It is I think the reason the latest from Perimeter Institute 2025 (Battle of the BIg Bang by Afshordi and Halper) was they had to remove all the mass of the universe from the singularity. And there are hundreds of competing theories but it means expansion from the singularity can no longer be described by the equation of relativity because it is a relationship between space, time and gravity and without a core mass there is no gravity! Even the deSitter solution requires a core mass from which space expands with no mass.
May I suggest a better cosmology that fits both the math and the physics and it comes from Genesis:
One of the first ones to discover an unusual relationship between our universe and math was Galileo who disproved Aristotle’s thesis that heavier objects fell faster. He not only disproved this but that they fell at a rate that was squared.
He started by using side by side ramps and using different weight balls to roll down them. It will be slower than a straight drop. But he could change the angle of the ramp so it could eventually approach a straight drop. He had no way of calculating speed in those days but he could measure seconds fairly closely.
This sounds mundane but a startling thing happened. After 1 second the balls were side by side, after 2 seconds, they were side by side. Similarly after 5 seconds.
So he proved his thesis that weight made no difference but then the truly amazing thing popped up. The distance increased each second the balls rolled down the ramps. In other words, their speed was getting faster as they rolled down the ramps. But they increased at a specific rates. After 1 second they rolled a certain distant and after 2 seconds the distance was the square of the first distance or 4 times as far. After 3 seconds the distance was 9 times as far, after 4 seconds it was 16 times as far. Double the time, four times the distance. You triple the time, nine times the distance.
In other words the distance/speed was increasing by perfect squares. Galileo never expected this. He never expected such a perfect relationship. So there is a famous equation by Newton, who was born around the time Galileo died, about gravity that includes squares.
F=G m1xm2/r^2
But there is also an old expression that Newton who is more famous and respected stood on Galileo’s shoulders.
Maybe a different approach? https://substack.com/home/post/p-203120284
" The study of palindromes (sentences that read the same backward as forward; e.g., “Madam, I’m Adam”) tells us nothing about the first three minutes after the Big Bang."
Great reading up until this sentence. The logic founded in Georges Lemaitre's mathematical big bang from Einstein's equation of relativity is assumed here. But it fails at the next level the level of application to the physics because of the very first solution to that equation by Karl Schwarzschild's in 1917 gave the minimum radius for the mass of the universe (1e80 protons) as 26.25 billion light years! It is I think the reason the latest from Perimeter Institute 2025 (Battle of the BIg Bang by Afshordi and Halper) was they had to remove all the mass of the universe from the singularity. And there are hundreds of competing theories but it means expansion from the singularity can no longer be described by the equation of relativity because it is a relationship between space, time and gravity and without a core mass there is no gravity! Even the deSitter solution requires a core mass from which space expands with no mass.
May I suggest a better cosmology that fits both the math and the physics and it comes from Genesis:
https://mikebravoyanky.substack.com/p/retrospective-age-model-of-the-universe?r=5l4pf7&utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&utm_medium=web